ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study evaluated the effects of silymarin on blood glucose, blood lipids and liver amino-transferase [AST and ALT] in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]
Study Design: Randomized Placebo Controlled [double blind] Trial
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Consultant Clinic Cant area Hyderabad andDepartment of Medicine, Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from April 2012 to August2013
Materials and Methods: A sample of 64 subjects [33 cases and 31 controls] was selected for evaluating effects of silymarin. Subject selection observed the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects with aspartate transaminase [AST] and alanine transaminase [ALT]>1.2 of normal were included. NAFLD diagnosis was confirmed by ultra-sonography. NAFLD cases were given silymarin[140 mg x2 tablets] daily for duration of 3 months. Controls received placebo. AST and ALT were checked after three months. Data variables were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0
Results: Mean +/- SD of aspartate transaminase [AST] and alanine transaminase [ALT] before intervention were found as 73.2 +/- 9.7 vs. 69.3 +/- 17.6 IUL[-1][p<0.021] and 92.1 +/- 19.4 vs.83 +/- 15.6 IUL[-1]in cases and controls [p < 0.0001] respectively. After three months the AST and ALT were found reduced compared to baseline. AST and ALT were found as 39.3 +/- 7.5 IUL[-1]and ALT to 39.3 +/- 10.9 IUL[-1]35.9 +/- 11.7 IUL[-1]and 83 +/- 15.6 IUL[-1]in cases and controls respectively. Blood lipids and blood glucose also showed statistically significant differences [p=0.0001]
Conclusion: Silymarin improves blood glucose, blood lipids and liver amino transferase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
ABSTRACT
To study and compare the antagonist effects of Cetirizine and Loratadine on histamine induced contractions of isolated trachea of rabbit. Comparative controlled invitro experimental study. This study was conducted at The Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI] Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center [JPMC] Karachi, for the period of six months. Isolated tracheal smooth muscles of twenty four rabbits were used. Fresh Kreb's nutritional solution was prepared for each subject. Tracheal smooth muscles were exposed to standard dilution of Histamine, and then they were challenged with serial dilutions [10 [-18]to 10 [-3]gm. /ml] of Cetirizine and Loratadine separately. Responses as rate and amplitudes of contractions were recorded by 7B Grass Polygraph machine. Cetirizine inhibit the rate of histamine induced contractions of tracheal muscles from 0.85 to 12.33% and amplitude from 0.0 to 82.69%, as concentration of drugs increased. While Loratadine inhibit the rate of histamine induced tracheal contractions from 0.85 to 10.59% and amplitude from 6.5 to 76.82% as concentration of drugs increased. Cetirizine found more potent than Loratadine as inhibitor of histamine induced contraction in isolated tracheal smooth muscles of rabbit. Basic Sciences